Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder

Awad Ahmed Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder

Awad Ahmed Ahmed

Published in International Journal of Neurosurgery (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 15 July 2023 Accepted: 5 August 2023 Published: 31 August 2023

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which can infect all body organs including the central nervous system (CNS). TB has a higher mortality rate worldwide and is a frequent cause of neurologic sequelae. Approximately 10% of TB patients also have a CNS involvement. CNS-TB can take several clinical forms; Therefore, this review concentrates on the most prevalent types of CNS-TB because it is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis is the most common type of CNS tuberculosis. The patient presents with insidious chronic meningitis or acute fulminant meningitis. Hydrocephalus is usually associated, especially in children, Intracranial vasculopathy, which is a serious complication of Tuberculous meningitis that can cause stroke. CNS tuberculomas is a hard-granulomatous mass that is commonly presented with focal neurologic impairments depending on its location, along with symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Tubercular Brain Abscess and Tuberculous Encephalopathy are uncommon clinical presentations of CNS tuberculosis; they usually affect children and HIV patients. Spinal TB (Pott illness) is a common form of skeletal TB that usually affects the thoracic and lumbar spines; if the cervical spine is affected, potentially fatal neurological consequences can occur. The definitive diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis is usually based on examining the CSF (as with TB meningitis) and being evaluated by neuroimaging are often the two main components of the final diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis (CT, MRI). Empirical anti-tuberculous medication, steroids, and only in exceptional circumstances, surgery, are used to treat patients.

Published in	International Journal of Neurosurgery (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12
Page(s)	28-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Pott’s Disease, Tuberculomas, Tuberculous Meningitis

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APA Style

Awad Ahmed Ahmed. (2023). Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. International Journal of Neurosurgery, 7(2), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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ACS Style

Awad Ahmed Ahmed. Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. Int. J. Neurosurg. 2023, 7(2), 28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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Awad Ahmed Ahmed. Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. Int J Neurosurg. 2023;7(2):28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12,
  author = {Awad Ahmed Ahmed},
  title = {Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurosurgery},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijn.20230702.12},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which can infect all body organs including the central nervous system (CNS). TB has a higher mortality rate worldwide and is a frequent cause of neurologic sequelae. Approximately 10% of TB patients also have a CNS involvement. CNS-TB can take several clinical forms; Therefore, this review concentrates on the most prevalent types of CNS-TB because it is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis is the most common type of CNS tuberculosis. The patient presents with insidious chronic meningitis or acute fulminant meningitis. Hydrocephalus is usually associated, especially in children, Intracranial vasculopathy, which is a serious complication of Tuberculous meningitis that can cause stroke. CNS tuberculomas is a hard-granulomatous mass that is commonly presented with focal neurologic impairments depending on its location, along with symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Tubercular Brain Abscess and Tuberculous Encephalopathy are uncommon clinical presentations of CNS tuberculosis; they usually affect children and HIV patients. Spinal TB (Pott illness) is a common form of skeletal TB that usually affects the thoracic and lumbar spines; if the cervical spine is affected, potentially fatal neurological consequences can occur. The definitive diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis is usually based on examining the CSF (as with TB meningitis) and being evaluated by neuroimaging are often the two main components of the final diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis (CT, MRI). Empirical anti-tuberculous medication, steroids, and only in exceptional circumstances, surgery, are used to treat patients.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder
AU - Awad Ahmed Ahmed
Y1 - 2023/08/31
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12
T2 - International Journal of Neurosurgery
JF - International Journal of Neurosurgery
JO - International Journal of Neurosurgery
SP - 28
EP - 31
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-1959
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12
AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which can infect all body organs including the central nervous system (CNS). TB has a higher mortality rate worldwide and is a frequent cause of neurologic sequelae. Approximately 10% of TB patients also have a CNS involvement. CNS-TB can take several clinical forms; Therefore, this review concentrates on the most prevalent types of CNS-TB because it is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis is the most common type of CNS tuberculosis. The patient presents with insidious chronic meningitis or acute fulminant meningitis. Hydrocephalus is usually associated, especially in children, Intracranial vasculopathy, which is a serious complication of Tuberculous meningitis that can cause stroke. CNS tuberculomas is a hard-granulomatous mass that is commonly presented with focal neurologic impairments depending on its location, along with symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Tubercular Brain Abscess and Tuberculous Encephalopathy are uncommon clinical presentations of CNS tuberculosis; they usually affect children and HIV patients. Spinal TB (Pott illness) is a common form of skeletal TB that usually affects the thoracic and lumbar spines; if the cervical spine is affected, potentially fatal neurological consequences can occur. The definitive diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis is usually based on examining the CSF (as with TB meningitis) and being evaluated by neuroimaging are often the two main components of the final diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis (CT, MRI). Empirical anti-tuberculous medication, steroids, and only in exceptional circumstances, surgery, are used to treat patients.
VL - 7
IS - 2
ER -

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Awad Ahmed Ahmed

Surgery Department, Shendi Teaching Hospital, Shendi, Sudan

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Awad Ahmed Ahmed. (2023). Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. International Journal of Neurosurgery, 7(2), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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ACS Style

Awad Ahmed Ahmed. Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. Int. J. Neurosurg. 2023, 7(2), 28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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AMA Style

Awad Ahmed Ahmed. Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder. Int J Neurosurg. 2023;7(2):28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12,
  author = {Awad Ahmed Ahmed},
  title = {Tuberculosis: A More Than One Pathophysiology to Induce Neurological Disorder},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurosurgery},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20230702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijn.20230702.12},
  abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which can infect all body organs including the central nervous system (CNS). TB has a higher mortality rate worldwide and is a frequent cause of neurologic sequelae. Approximately 10% of TB patients also have a CNS involvement. CNS-TB can take several clinical forms; Therefore, this review concentrates on the most prevalent types of CNS-TB because it is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis is the most common type of CNS tuberculosis. The patient presents with insidious chronic meningitis or acute fulminant meningitis. Hydrocephalus is usually associated, especially in children, Intracranial vasculopathy, which is a serious complication of Tuberculous meningitis that can cause stroke. CNS tuberculomas is a hard-granulomatous mass that is commonly presented with focal neurologic impairments depending on its location, along with symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Tubercular Brain Abscess and Tuberculous Encephalopathy are uncommon clinical presentations of CNS tuberculosis; they usually affect children and HIV patients. Spinal TB (Pott illness) is a common form of skeletal TB that usually affects the thoracic and lumbar spines; if the cervical spine is affected, potentially fatal neurological consequences can occur. The definitive diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis is usually based on examining the CSF (as with TB meningitis) and being evaluated by neuroimaging are often the two main components of the final diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis (CT, MRI). Empirical anti-tuberculous medication, steroids, and only in exceptional circumstances, surgery, are used to treat patients.},
 year = {2023}
}

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